Healthcare Cost Transparency Gap →

{
  "product_id": "ADW-312",
  "entity": "US-Healthcare",
  "score": 58.3,
  "trend": "rising",
  "confidence": 0.8,
  "top_drivers": [
    {
      "factor": "payment_transactions_2024",
      "contribution": 15385047
    },
    {
      "factor": "baseline_3yr_mean_transactions",
      "contribution": 13186546
    },
    {
      "factor": "growth_ratio_vs_baseline",
      "contribution": 1.167
    },
    {
      "factor": "yoy_transaction_growth_pct_2023_to_2024",
      "contribution": 4.65
    }
  ],
  "recommended_use": "Track industry payment intensity to US physicians/hospitals as a transparency-gap proxy. Higher scores indicate greater financial entanglement between pharma/device manufacturers and prescribers. Descriptive only — not a fraud or misconduct signal.",
  "methodology_version": "ADW-312-live-1.0",
  "freshness": "2026-06-27T04:00:11.508Z",
  "coverage": "All US pharma and medical-device manufacturers reporting under the Sunshine Act (ACA §6002). Covers general payments (food, travel, consulting, speaking fees, etc.) to physicians and teaching hospitals.",
  "source_lineage": [
    "openpaymentsdata.cms.gov DKAN datastore — 2024 General Payment Data (e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff)",
    "openpaymentsdata.cms.gov DKAN datastore — 2023 General Payment Data (fb3a65aa-c901-4a38-a813-b04b00dfa2a9)",
    "openpaymentsdata.cms.gov DKAN datastore — 2022 General Payment Data (df01c2f8-dc1f-4e79-96cb-8208beaf143c)",
    "openpaymentsdata.cms.gov DKAN datastore — 2021 General Payment Data (0380bbeb-aea1-58b6-b708-829f92a48202)"
  ],
  "allowed_use": "informational",
  "validation_status": "descriptive",
  "recent_year": "2024",
  "recent_year_transaction_count": 15385047,
  "baseline_years": [
    "2021",
    "2022",
    "2023"
  ],
  "baseline_3yr_mean": 13186546,
  "growth_ratio_vs_baseline": 1.167,
  "yoy_transaction_growth_pct": 4.65,
  "next_fresh_at": "2027-01-01T00:00:00Z",
  "data_lag_note": "CMS Open Payments data is annual; published approximately January of the following year. 2024 data published January 2026. Record count proxies for payment volume — large-dollar single transactions (royalties, stock) may not move count proportionally.",
  "cms_dataset_note": "2020 excluded from baseline (COVID reporting anomaly: only 5.85M records vs 11.6M+ in 2021+).",
  "verified_counts_at_build": {
    "2021": 11552288,
    "2022": 13306564,
    "2023": 14700786,
    "2024": 15385047
  }
}